客家人戴凉帽的习俗，至今已有近千年的历史。与传统竹笠不同，客家凉帽“帽如其名”，是一顶客家人干活时，可以遮阳避日、带来凉爽的帽子。它虽然也由竹篾编制而成，但它的帽沿垂下了一圈四五寸长的布帘，可以抵挡风吹日晒。帽子顶端开有直径约为十五公分的圆孔，便于透气和露出发髻，整体造型美观，轻巧透气，因此得以流行。

The Hakka tradition of wearing summer hats could be dated back to nearly 1,000 years ago. A Hakka summer hat is made of bamboo strips and hemmed with a circle of curtain that protects the wearer from sunshine while they work in the field. On the top of the hat, there is a hole of 15 centimeters in diameter, which brings in air and accommodates the wearer’s hair bun and is thus highly popular among Hakka people.

客家妇女头戴凉帽（图片为市档案馆馆藏）

TheHakka women wearing summer hats. (The photo is now in the Shenzhen Archives)

深圳的甘坑村（即现在的甘坑客家小镇），位于龙岗区布吉街道往北十五公里的小山坳里，因客家凉帽制作技艺而闻名于海内外。甘坑凉帽的制作历史，从清嘉庆年间算起，距今已有两百多年。甘坑凉帽的帽帘为黑色，帽顶是竹的原色，编织花纹很有特点，有“四皮囊一皮青”的满天星和“三皮囊一皮青”的娥眉花两种。深圳建市后，甘坑村也因家家户户都以编织凉帽为生，被命名为“凉帽村”。

Gankeng Village, currently known as Gankeng Hakka Town, is hidden in the mountains to the north of Buji Subdistrict in Longgang District. It is known for making Hakka summer hats, a technique that could be dated from 200 years ago. The hats, with black curtains, feature two unique woven patterns. After the establishment of Shenzhen as a municipality, Gankeng Village was named “Liangmao Village” as many of the villagers made a living on weaving liangmao, or summer hats.

一门手艺的传承最需要的是手艺人的坚守，甘坑凉帽的制作技艺也是如此。凉帽村制作帽子有天然的优势，村里所产的“单竹”很特别，头尾等粗，竹节较长，易于片成想要的厚度。作为典型的传统手工技艺，甘坑凉帽的生产流程繁杂，共有33个工序，包括竹织、扫桐油、弥帽、上帽这四个环节，其中的绝活——以口撕篾最为精彩，可以用牙齿撕出像纸一样薄的篾条。这些都是手艺人在反复实践中总结出来的经验和技巧。

Gankeng Hakka summer hats are made of a special kind of bamboo with even stalks and long sections, which is easy to be made into strips. The traditional process of making summer hats includes 33 procedures. One of the most amazing procedures is tearing bamboo strips as thin as paper with one’s teeth. 

上世纪50年代，凉帽村被中国工艺品进出口公司广东省分公司定为全省唯一凉帽外贸生产基地。当时，凉帽村办了1000多平方米的凉帽工厂，每月可生产4500多顶帽子，其中一半出口到港澳、东南亚和英国、荷兰等地，深受海外华侨客家妇女的喜爱。

In the 1950s, the village was designated by the Guangdong branch of China National Arts & Crafts Imp. & Exp. Co., LTD as the only manufacturing base of summer hats for foreign trade. Back then, a summer hat factory with a total area of more than 1,000 square meters was set up in the village, producing more than 4,500 hats per month. Around half of the hats were exported to Hong Kong and Macao as well as overseas countries and regions including the UK, the Netherlands, and Southeast Asian countries as these hats were popular among overseas Chinese Hakka women.

客家凉帽对研究客家妇女摒弃“女人不抛头露面”的古中原遗风，具有一定参考价值。凉帽的图案花纹、技艺传承口诀以及“穗带”佩戴的识别等风俗，又具有文化价值。2007年，客家凉帽被列入深圳市第一批市级非物质文化遗产代表作名录。2013年，客家凉帽制作技艺被列入广东省第五批非物质文化遗产名录。

The patterns, manufacturing techniques, and the traditional way of wearing a hat all embrace high cultural value. In 2007, Hakka summer hat was listed as one of the first batch of intangible cultural heritages of Shenzhen. In 2013, its manufacturing technique was listed into the fifth batch of intangible cultural heritages of Guangdong Province. 

2021年12月，继被央视《新闻联播》《焦点访谈》报道后，《光明日报》头版报道了甘坑凉帽的制作技艺以及“小凉帽”动画片，标志着甘坑凉帽已经成为深圳连接世界的文化代表和符号，焕发出了新的时代魅力。

In December 2021, the crafting techniques and an animation series titled “Little Hakka,” which told stories about a magical Hakka summer hat, were reported by CCTV and then on one of the front pages of Guangming Daily, which implies that Hakka summer hats have become a cultural symbol for Shenzhen’s connection with the rest of the world. 

今日互动：您见过甘坑凉帽吗？您曾去过甘坑客家小镇游玩吗？欢迎留言分享，小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。

Today's topic: Have you ever seen Hakka summer hat or been to Gankeng Hakka Town? Feel free to leave your comments and lucky people will receive gifts. 

来源：深圳市档案馆、i深圳

Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen

编译：深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday

Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday