“的士”是英语单词TAXI的音译，“打的”一词最开始出现在香港，深圳离香港近，也就跟着叫“的士”。现在所说的“的士”就是出租小汽车，“的士”牌照就是购买小汽车的指标和参加社会营运的资格。
“的士” [dīshì] is a transliteration of the English word taxi. “打的” [dǎdī] (hail a taxi) was first used in Hong Kong. As Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong, “的士” is also used in Shenzhen. Now, “的士” refers to cabs and “的士牌照” refers to the qualification of buying a car and participating in the operation.

1988年，深圳经营出租汽车业务的企业已达76家，营运车辆发展到2200多辆。但随着特区的发展，出租汽车运力不足的矛盾日益明显，各运输企业、宾馆、酒店、旅游点纷纷申请要求增加运力，经营出租汽车。面对这一状况，市政府要求交通主管部门采取得力措施，尽快增加运力，大胆改革运力投放的办法，必要时可借鉴香港的做法，实行“的士“牌照有偿使用。

In 1988, the number of cab enterprises in Shenzhen reached 76 and that of the operating vehicles rose to more than 2,200. However, with the development of Shenzhen, the low number of available taxis was becoming increasingly problematic. The transport enterprises, hotels and tourist spots called for more transport capacity and applied for operating taxis. In the face of this situation, the municipal government required the transport department to take effective measures to increase the capacity as soon as possible and boldly improve the distribution of transport capacity. If necessary, the practice of Hong Kong, which already had in place the implementation of the paid use of taxi licenses, could be put into use in Shenzhen.

1988年9月2日，《关于营运小汽车牌照有偿使用制有关问题的通知》

The September 2, 1988 Notice on the Related Issues of the Paid Use System of Operating Vehicle Licenses.

为盘活市场，把“优胜劣汰”的竞争机制运用到交通运输业，参照香港拍卖车牌的做法，1988年9月8日，深圳市政府下发了《深圳经济特区营运小汽车牌照有偿使用制试行办法》，后又拟定了《深圳经济特区营运小汽车牌照公开拍卖须知》。

In order to revitalize the market and apply the competitive mechanism of “survival of the fittest” to the transportation industry, on September 8, 1988, the Shenzhen Municipal Government issued the Trial Measures for the Paid Use System of Operating Vehicle Licenses in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Later, the government formulated the Instructions for the Public Auction of Operating Vehicle Licenses in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

1988年9月28日，深圳市政府交通办公室（以下简称“市交通办”）举行了国内首次“的士”牌照公开拍卖，开启了“的士”牌照实行有偿使用、公开拍卖的大胆尝试。

On September 28, 1988, the Traffic Office of the Shenzhen Municipal Government (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Traffic Office) held the first public auction of taxi licenses on the Chinese mainland, initiating the paid use of operating vehicle licenses.

拍卖会当天，29家参加竞投的企业和个体经营者，经过37轮竞投，5家企业在“限价限批”的条件下，按“价高者得”的竞投原则，以每个“的士”牌照19.4万元的价格各投得28个牌照。首次拍卖的“的士”牌照是特殊商品，属永久性使用，按照规定，经营两年后可以整批转让。

On the day of the auction, 29 companies and individual operators participated in the bidding. Based on “the highest price obtained,” each of the five enterprises won 28 licenses at the per each price of 194,000 yuan. With the permanent use rights, the first batch of taxi licenses was treated as special commodities and could be transferred after two years of operation.

图为“的士”牌照公开拍卖场上竞投应价的情形

The bidding at the public auction of taxi licenses.

“的士”牌照有偿使用是交通管理机制的重大改革，这一改革为企业创造了公平竞争的条件，也让政府职能部门职能向“政府调节市场、市场引导企业”的方向转变。根据相关年鉴资料，至1989年，深圳出租车数量已达到1343辆，不少司机月入可以过万，拥有一张“的士”牌照，也就掌握了“一人开车全家致富”的途径。

As a major reform of the traffic management mechanism, the paid use of taxi licenses has created a level playing field for enterprises. According to the archives, the number of taxis in Shenzhen had grown to 1,343 by 1989 and many of the drivers earned more than 10,000 yuan a month. A taxi license could lead one to prosperity.

今日互动：在出行便利的今天，您是否经常乘坐“的士”呢？对于深圳“的士”，您有什么故事分享吗？欢迎留言分享，小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。

Today's topic: Do you often take a taxi? Do you have any stories about Shenzhen taxis to share? Feel free to leave your comments regarding these questions and lucky people who respond will receive gifts.

来源：深圳市档案馆、i深圳

Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen

编译：深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday

Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday