上世纪80年代,深圳吸引了全国各地的有志之士。奋斗者们在这座城市落脚后,在身份和居住权利的获取上,往往会有一段相似的经历——从“暂住证”到“居住证”的转变。
In the 1980s, Shenzhen attracted talents from all over the country. They often had similar experienced in acquiring identity and residence rights: from “temporary residence permit” to “residence permit.”
深圳经济特区建立初期,户籍人口为7.62万人,常住人口为31.41万人。随着特区的快速发展,常住人口很快达到88.15万人。为了加强治安行政管理,1983年7月6日,深圳市人民政府印发《关于颁发〈深圳经济特区居民证〉〈深圳经济特区暂住证〉的暂行规定的通知》,针对外来人员及外驻单位、外资企业办理深圳市经济特区暂住证的条件作出相关规定,并写明领证手续,有效维护了特区良好的社会秩序和工作秩序。
At the early stage of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, its registered population was 76,200 and the permanent resident population was 314,100. With its rapid development, the permanent resident population skyrocketed to 881,500. In order to strengthen the administration of public security, on July 6, 1983, the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government issued the “Notice on Temporary Provisions for the Issuance of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Resident Permits and Temporary Residence Permits,” which effectively maintained the good social and working order.
1983年7月6日,《关于颁发〈深圳经济特区居民证〉〈深圳经济特区暂住证〉的暂行规定的通知》。
The July 6, 1983, “Notice on Temporary Provisions for the Issuance of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Resident Permits and Temporary Residence Permits.”
深圳是国内率先实行暂住证制度的城市。这一创举引发了全国瞩目,北京、上海等城市均派人来深参观、学习和效仿实行。在深圳实行暂住证制度之后的20年里,很多城市也实行了这一制度,它也成为我国流动人口管理制度变迁的标志。
As the first city in China to implement the temporary residence permit, Shenzhen attracted national attention. People from Beijing and Shanghai came to Shenzhen to learn about the system. After the implementation of the temporary residence permit in Shenzhen, for the next 20 years many cities followed the model, and it had become a symbol of the change of China’s mobile population management system.
有了暂住证,意味着管理外来人口进入了法治化轨道。对一个外地人来说,持有暂住证,在深圳就有了合法居住权利和身份。然而,随着特区的发展和国家相关政策的调整,暂住证渐渐无法满足实际情况的需要。
Implementation of the temporary residence permit legalized the management of the immigrant population. For an outsider, a temporary residence permit endowed the foreigner with legal rights and identity to live in Shenzhen. However, with the development of the special economic zone and the adjustment of relevant national policies, the temporary residence permit gradually failed to meet the needs of the actual situation.
2008年8月1日,《深圳经济特区暂住人员户口管理条例》正式废止,《深圳市居住证暂行办法》随即实施,持居住证的人群可以享受就业、培训、子女入学等方面的权益。
On August 1, 2008, the “Regulations on the Administration of Hukou of Temporary Residents in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone” were formally abolished, and the “Interim Measures for Shenzhen Residence Permits” were then implemented, allowing people with residence permits to have the rights and benefits of employment, training, and schooling for their children.
2015年6月1日,《深圳经济特区居住证条例》正式施行。居住证制度的全面实施,让持居住证人员在公共文化、就业扶持、子女教育、住房保障等各个方面不仅能享受到更加完善和平等的权益,更重要的是,这些权益受到法律的保护。事实上,持居住证居民与户籍居民在享受公共服务方面的差距已经越来越小。
On June 1, 2015, the “Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on the Residence Permits” came into force. The full implementation of the residence permit system has enabled the holders to enjoy better and equal rights and interests in various aspects including public culture, employment support, children’s education and housing security. More importantly, these rights and interests are protected by law. In fact, the gap between residents holding residence permits and the registered residents has been narrowed in terms of the access to public services.
“来了就是深圳人”,从“暂住证”到“居住证”,一个字的变动,让来深人员有了身份认同,多了家园意识,让城市更有温度。
From “temporary residence permit” to “residence permit,” Shenzhen now endows the immigrant population with identity and a sense of belonging.
今日互动:“来了就是深圳人”,您在哪些场合、哪些方面感受到深圳这座城市的温度呢?欢迎大家踊跃留言,小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。
Today’s topic: On what occasions and in what aspects do you feel the warmth of Shenzhen? Feel free to leave your comments and lucky people who respond will receive gifts.
来源:深圳市档案馆、i深圳
Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen
编译:深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday
Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday