1979年，中国第一个外向型工业区——蛇口工业区成立。在创立之初，蛇口工业区率先对干部制度进行了探索和改革，迈出了全国第一步。

The Shekou Industrial Zone, China’s first export-oriented industrial zone, was set up in 1979. Shortly after its establishment, the Shekou Industrial Zone took the lead in the country to explore and carry out reforms regarding the management of its officials.

当时，蛇口工业区发生了一件令人啼笑皆非的事。英国剑桥大学访问团来到蛇口，工业区的一位干部谦逊地问：“你们剑桥大学建多大的桥？”还有人问，“英国人讲英语，美国人讲什么语？”这也让蛇口工业区的领导班子意识到人才短缺，提高干部文化素质，是亟待解决的问题。

At that time, a revealing incident took place in Shekou. When receiving a delegation from Cambridge University of the United Kingdom, an official with the Shekou Industrial Zone asked them, “How big is the bridge that Cambridge University is building?” Another asked the visitors, “Englishmen speak English; what language do they speak in the U.S.?” These incidents helped the Shekou Industrial Zone leadership recognize that the shortage of talents and improving Chinese cultural awareness were urgent issues to be addressed.

1980年3月28日，蛇口工业区率先试行了干部、职工招聘制，竞争上岗，先通过组织推荐或自荐报名，然后进行笔试、口试、组织考察，打破了传统的“干部终身制”。

On March 28, 1980, a new recruitment system was introduced to select officials and employees, who would have to pass a written exam and an interview, and be subjected to public scrutiny before being hired. The recruitment system broke the traditional “cadre for life” system, which was once viewed as an "iron rice bowl." 

1983年3月20日，《深圳特区报》报道蛇口工业区对餐厅经理、厨师的公开招聘考试，该报道以剪报形式藏于深圳市档案馆。

A Shenzhen Special Zone Daily report on an open recruitment of restaurant managers and chefs in the Shekou Industrial Zone. The report resides in the Shenzhen Archives.

蛇口工业区干部聘请制的特色在于“民意推荐，组织决定”，需要经过以下几个环节：

The officials hiring system of the Shekou Industrial Zone was based on public recommendations and organizational decisions. It has several stages during the whole process:

聘请前，先开展民意测验。由工业区派出聘请工作小组，深入各企业召开干部会议，会上进行无记名投票推荐，投票结果供工作小组参考，并提出聘请名单。

Polling was a standard practice before the appointment of a Shenzhen Industrial Zone official. The Shekou Industrial Zone authority would dispatch a task force to each enterprise in the zone to host a meeting, at which an anonymous ballot would be conducted to select candidates. The task force would propose a hiring list based on the ballot results.

聘请名单经工业区党委和管委研究后，对拟聘请干部进行逐个谈话，听取本人意见，再开会宣布聘请决定，发放聘请书。会议上，受聘干部在聘请书上当众签字，并发表讲话。聘请书规定了干部职责、职权、待遇、解聘和续聘等五项内容。

The hiring list would be reviewed by the Party committee and the management committee of the Shekou Industrial Zone, and those shortlisted would be interviewed one by one. The appointment letters would later be handed out at an official meeting, during which the appointed officials would sign their appointment letters and make a speech. The appointment letters clearly set out the officials’ responsibilities, authority, remuneration, and termination and renewal of appointment.

干部任职期间，还将开展群众信任投票。若票数未达到半数以上，该名干部要辞去所任职务。

Confidence votes took place during an official’s tenure. If the official failed to garner at least 50% of the votes, the official would have to resign from the post.

档案资料显示，实行聘请制半年多来，工业区各企业受聘干部的责任感和事业心得到有效提高，专业知识与管理能力也大大增强。截至1983年9月，工业区各直属企业完成营业额占全年计划的133%，完成利润占全年计划的152%。

According to archival materials, in the half year after the adoption of the hiring mechanism, the sense of responsibility and commitment of the newly appointed officials was greatly enhanced, and their professional knowledge and management skills were strengthened. By September 1983, all wholly owned enterprises within the Shekou Industrial Zone reported a turnover that was 133% of the planned annual turnover, and a profit 152% of the targeted annual profit.

今日互动：蛇口工业区是中国第一个外向型工业区。蛇口给您留下了什么样的印象？欢迎留言，小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。

Today’s topic: What impressions do you have of Shekou? Feel free to leave your comments and three lucky people will receive gifts.

来源：深圳市档案馆、i深圳

Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen

编译：深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday

Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday