在35年前的深圳会堂，深圳市政府举行了新中国首次土地使用权公开拍卖会。拍卖官手起槌落，敲下了新中国土地拍卖的“第一槌”，这一声敲击，如石破天惊，发出了中国内地土地管理体制改革的第一个强音。

Thirty-five years ago in the Shenzhen Auditorium, the Shenzhen Municipal Government held its first public auction of land use rights in New China. The auctioneer for the first time brought down the gavel, which initiated the land management system reform on the Chinese mainland.

深圳经济特区建立初期，进行了土地使用权收费的积极探索。但是，土地商品化在具体执行层面，还没有可供依据的正式文件。1987年5月21日，深圳市委常委会讨论《深圳经济特区土地管理体制改革方案》，决定采取公开拍卖、招标、协议等办法出让土地使用权；允许土地流通、转让、买卖与抵押。这样一来，就开启了深圳有偿使用土地的新局面。

In the early days of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, it actively explored land use rights charges. However, there was no official document for the implementation of land commercialization. On May 21, 1987, the Standing Committee of the CPC Shenzhen Municipal Committee discussed the Land Management System Reform Plan of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and decided to transfer the land use right through public auction, bidding, and agreement signing policies, allowing the circulation, transfer, sale and mortgage of land. In this way, Shenzhen initiated new modes of paid land use.

同年11月，国务院批准深圳、广州等地进行土地使用制度改革试点；12月1日，深圳市政府决定举行一次土地拍卖，标的是一宗8588平方米住宅土地50年的使用权，土地紧邻深圳水库，编号为H409-4。拍卖地块起拍价为200万元，每口价5万元。当天有44家企业报名参加竞拍，其中有9家是外资企业。几位中央领导以及来自全国17个城市的市长都在现场，香港也派出了由21人组成的“深圳第一次土地拍卖参观团”，共同见证历史性的一刻。

In November of the same year, the State Council gave approval to Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other places to implement the reform of the land use system. On December 1, the Shenzhen Municipal Government decided to hold a land auction and the subject was the 50-year use right of a residential lot of 8,588 square meters and the bidding price started at 2 million yuan. On that day, a total of 44 companies participated in the auction, nine of which were foreign-invested companies. Several leaders from the Central Government and mayors from 17 cities across the country were present. Hong Kong also sent a visiting group of Shenzhen’s first land auction to witness the historic moment.

拍卖仪式于下午4点30分正式开始，现场气氛热烈，各家竞投企业争相叫价。“410万、430万……”，直到“525万一次，525万两次，525万三次。成交！”。拍卖官敲下拍卖槌，宣布被拍卖的地块使用权由深圳经济特区房地产公司获得。

The auction started at 4:30 p.m., and the atmosphere was enthusiastic. Eventually, the land use right was sold to the Real Estate Company of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone .

1987年12月1日，新中国首次土地使用权公开拍卖会现场（图片由深圳晚报提供）。

On December 1, 1987, the first auction of land use rights in New China. (Photos courtesy of Shenzhen Evening News)

一“槌”定音后，深圳土地有偿出让渐渐成为常态，为特区城市建设筹集了大量资金。1988年4月12日，全国人大通过《中华人民共和国宪法修正草案》，增加了土地使用权可以按照法律的规定转让的内容，国有土地使用权出让从此合法化。

On April 12, 1988, the National People’s Congress passed the Draft Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, which added that the rights to use land can be transferred in accordance with the law. Since then, the transfer of the use rights of State-owned land has been legalized.

今日互动：深圳经济特区建立初期，进行了土地使用权收费的积极探索。您在生活工作中，也曾朝着哪些目标积极探索吗？欢迎留言分享，小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。

Today's topic: What goals have you been actively exploring in your life and work? Feel free to leave your comments and three lucky people will receive gifts.

来源：深圳市档案馆、i深圳

Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen

编译：深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday

Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday