“三来一补”是改革开放初期创立的一种企业贸易形式，即“来料加工”“来样加工”“来件装配”与“补偿贸易”，是由外商提供设备、原材料、来样等，由中方提供工地、厂房、劳动力，按照外商要求组织生产、加工装配，全部产品外销，中方收取加工费的一种贸易方式。
“Three supplies and one compensation” was a form of trade among enterprises at the beginning of reform and opening up, namely “processing with supplied materials, processing according to supplied samples, assembling with supplied parts, and compensation trade.” Foreign clients provided equipment, raw materials, and samples while Chinese enterprises provided land, workshops and labor and organized production, processing and assembly in accordance with the requirements of foreign clients. All products were exported and Chinese enterprises charged only processing fees.
宝安县（深圳市前身）的“三来一补”贸易起步于1978年。
The "three supplies and one compensation" trade of Bao’an County (the predecessor of Shenzhen) started in 1978.
1978年7月，国务院颁布《开展对外加工装配业务试行办法》，允许采取先办厂、后承接外商加工装配业务的“来料加工”方式，试行“三来一补”。根据国务院的指示，1978年10月，广东省外贸局发布通知，同意宝安、珠海、东莞等县、市的外贸单位，依托地缘优势和生产基础，会同当地计划和工业部门，直接办理对港澳地区的加工装配业务。党的十一届三中全会召开后，中央赋予广东“特殊政策、灵活措施”，彼时的宝安县充分发挥毗邻港澳、华侨众多、交通便利的优势，积极发展“三来一补”贸易，对后来深圳经济的起步和跨越式发展产生了巨大的推动作用。
In July 1978, the State Council issued the Trial Measures to Carry out Foreign Processing and Assembly Business, allowing enterprises to set up factories first and then undertake processing and assembly businesses from foreign clients. According to the instructions of the State Council, in October 1978, the Guangdong Provincial Foreign Trade Bureau issued a notice, agreeing that the foreign trade departments of Bao’an, Zhuhai, Dongguan and other counties and cities, relying on their geographical advantages and production bases, together with the local planning and industrial departments, directly handle the processing and assembly businesses of Hong Kong and Macao. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the Central Government offered Guangdong Province “special policies and flexible measures,” letting Bao’an County give full play to its advantages and actively develop the “three supplies and one compensation” trade, which greatly promoted the subsequent leapfrog growth of Shenzhen’s economy.
深圳市对外加工装配业务经验交流会议文件之一《引进外资 开展对外加工装配情况总结（1979年1至9月份）》
One of the documents of the Shenzhen Foreign Processing and Assembly Business Experiences Exchange Conference — “Summary of Foreign Processing and Assembly” (January to September 1979).
1979年9月，国务院颁布《开展对外加工装配和中小型补偿贸易办法》，进一步规范来料加工贸易方式，“三来一补”业务在国家层面上的合法性得到进一步确认。此后，深圳引进“三来一补”企业的步伐大大加快。
In September 1979, the State Council issued a document to further standardize the processing trade, and the legitimacy of the “three supplies and one compensation” mode was further confirmed at the national level. Since then, the pace of introducing enterprises engaging in the “three supplies and one compensation” trade was greatly accelerated.
档案资料显示，1993-1994年，“三来一补”贸易在深圳的发展到达顶峰阶段，1994年，深圳“三来一补”企业数量占全省的1/3，累计实际利用外资占全省的48%，出口总额、就业人数、工缴费结汇均占全省的40%左右。这充分说明，在特区经济发展初期，“三来一补”贸易为深圳带来了“第一桶金”，是深圳外向型经济的重要支柱，也表明深圳在全省外向型经济中的显要地位。
Archives show that from 1993 to 1994, the development of the “three supplies and one compensation” trade in Shenzhen reached its peak. In 1994, the number of related enterprises in Shenzhen accounted for one-third of that of the province, and the cumulative actual utilization of foreign capital accounted for 48% of that of the province. The total exports, number of employees and settlement of processing fees each accounted for about 40% of the province’s total. In the early stage of the economic development of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the “three supplies and one compensation” mode brought Shenzhen its “first pot of gold” and became an important pillar of Shenzhen’s export-oriented economy.
今日互动：“三来一补”是改革开放初期创立的一种企业贸易形式，为深圳带来了“第一桶金”。您人生中的第一桶金又是如何挣来的呢？欢迎大家踊跃留言，小i将在留言中选取幸运儿送出小礼物。
Today’s topic: How did you make the first pot of gold? Feel free to leave your comments and three lucky people will receive gifts.
来源：深圳市档案馆、i深圳
Source: Shenzhen Archives, iShenzhen
编译：深圳政府在线、Shenzhen Daily、GDToday
Transedited by: Shenzhen Government Online, Shenzhen Daily, GDToday
